Standalone PE Crowding Tool

Duramycin Coverage

Estimate how much PE-bound Duramycin occupies the accessible surface of a nanoscale particle, and when that bound layer itself becomes a likely steric barrier for other surface interactions.

PE mol% to targets per particle Bound Duramycin surface coverage Steric hindrance guide

Particle

Geometry

PE distribution

Particle diameter

Accessible surface

Accessibility defines the membrane patch that other binders could realistically engage. All coverage and crowding values are reported against this accessible patch, not the whole vesicle.

Duramycin

Probe

Duramycin concentration

Particle concentration

particles/mL

Effective Duramycin availability

Duramycin footprint

Extra steric buffer

Duramycin is treated here as an unlabeled PE binder. The key question is not fluorophore behavior, but how much of the accessible membrane gets occupied by bound Duramycin itself [1-3].

PE Targets

Outer leaflet

PE mol%

mol%

Area per outer-leaflet lipid

nm^2

PE headgroup footprint

Accessible PE fraction

Binding-active fraction

The editable lipid-area parameter is meant as a fluid-bilayer geometry input rather than a fixed constant, because PE bilayer structural values vary with composition and state [4].

Coverage Outcome

Open

Accessible PE targets 0

Geometry-only Duramycin ceiling 0

Available Duramycin per particle 0

                Predicted bound Duramycin
                0
              

Surface coverage by bound Duramycin 0%

% of accessible PE still bindable by geometry 0%

Likely main limiter n/a

Coverage vs Duramycin Concentration

Compare PE mol%

Current PE mol%

mol%

Comparison PE mol%

mol%

Sweep to

µM

current PE mol% comparison PE mol% current Duramycin concentration

Surface coverage at 0.0 mol% PE 0%

Coverage Guide

Crowding

Coverage reaches 10% n/a

Coverage reaches 20% n/a

Coverage reaches 30% n/a

Geometry retention drops below 90% n/a

Coverage Bars

Accessible patch

PE target coverage 0%

Bound Duramycin surface coverage 0%

Final PE occupancy 0%

Free accessible surface remaining 0%

Interpretation Notes

Assumptions

Literature Basis

References

Iwamoto K, Hayakawa T, Murate M, et al. Curvature-dependent recognition of ethanolamine phospholipids by duramycin and cinnamycin. Biophysical Journal. 2007. PubMed
Zhao M, Li Z, Bugenhagen S. 99mTc-labeled duramycin as a novel phosphatidylethanolamine-binding molecular probe. Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 2008. PubMed
Structure of cinnamycin complexed with lysophosphatidylethanolamine (PDB 2DDE). Used here only as a compact structural proxy for the PE-binding lantibiotic footprint. PDB
Kučerka N, van Oosten B, Pan J, et al. Molecular structures of fluid phosphatidylethanolamine bilayers obtained from simulation-to-experiment comparisons and experimental scattering density profiles. Journal of Physical Chemistry B. 2015. PubMed

The 10%, 20%, and 30% coverage guide values in this app are practical screening heuristics, not literature-derived universal steric thresholds.